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Theoretically the expression profile of
2020-10-16

Theoretically, the expression profile of GluCl variants was related to their physiological roles. It was reported that all the three variants (GluCl A, GluCl B, GluCl C) were highly expressed in head tissue of L. striatellus and M. domestica, and the expression level of GluCl A was significantly hig
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br Introduction Al Awqati and his colleagues
2020-10-16

Introduction Al Awqati and his colleagues using R(+)-methylindazone, R(+)-[(6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1-oxo-1H-inden-5-yl)-oxy] acetic A-317491 (IAA-94) (Landry et al., 1987) isolated the first chloride intracellular ion channel (CLIC) proteins (p64) from bovine kidney cort
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The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK family
2020-10-16

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, which consists of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is involved in the development of NP (Hung et al., 2012, Ji et al., 2009). Recently, Zhuang et al. (2005) demonstrated that t
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br Discussion EFTs are sarcomas
2020-10-16

Discussion EFTs are sarcomas with almost undifferentiated histologic features, consequently their differentiation from other small, blue, round cell tumors may be difficult. Substantial intracellular Carprofen synthesis on PAS stain is a useful diagnostic feature. The addition of CD99 and FLI1 i
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Prostanoids typically act in an autocrine
2020-10-16

Prostanoids typically act in an autocrine and paracrine fashion by binding to specific receptors in target PF-670462 and there is evidence that both PGE2 and prostacyclin may be required for the optimal activation of angiogenesis (Hata and Breyer, 2004). PGE2 and prostacyclin bind to their specific
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Enzyme activity loss during the hydrolysis process has tradi
2020-10-16

Enzyme activity loss during the hydrolysis process has traditionally been associated with thermal, mechanical, and/or chemical mechanisms (Okino et al., 2013, Ye et al., 2012, Zhang et al., 2010). Due to the recent discovery of enzyme activity loss due to interaction with substrate, it is important
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For most enolases fluoride acts
2020-10-16

For most enolases, fluoride acts as an inhibitor, while Mg2+ is the most important metal activator. In yeast systems, metal cations and fluoride bind to enolase at the active center of the enzyme, forming a complex. The complex blocks the binding of substrates to the enzyme in yeast systems, thereby
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br Effects of culture conditions on drug
2020-10-16

Effects of culture conditions on drug-induced gene HOSu in primary human hepatocytes Past progress in elucidating the optimal conditions for the long-term cultivation of rodent hepatocytes has helped define some of the key components in the matrix and medium environment that are most critical fo
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The total reduced glutathione content was determined
2020-10-16

The total reduced glutathione content was determined in both L-Glutathione Reduced to examine whether retinol was decreasing glutathione concentrations and thus decreasing the conjugation of NAPQI. Total hepatic (3.9±0.3 vs 4.9±1.0 μmol/g, retinol vs untreated, respectively) and renal (0.4±0.1 vs 0
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In some cases more than
2020-10-16

In some cases, more than one CYP450 enzyme may be involved in the metabolism of a drug, and an Eadie–Hofstee plot is usually more reliable for assessing the involvement of multiple STF 083010 (Bu, 2006). Therefore, we first plotted the Eadie–Hofstee curves and observed their shape to determine the k
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The EGFR belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine
2020-10-16

The EGFR belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), comprised of four members: EGFR (ErbB1, HER1), HER2 (ErbB2), HER3 (ErbB3) and HER4 (ErbB4) [24]. HER receptors are activated by a group of epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligands and undergo homo- or hetero-dimerization during th
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Increasing evidence supports that the B
2020-10-16

Increasing evidence supports that the B-cell lymphoid malignancies develop from various stages of B-cells, hijacking the mechanisms that drive B-cell differentiation and activation [27]. For instance, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) originate from the pre-germinal c
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In the absence of ligand RNA CARD of
2020-10-16

In the absence of ligand RNA, 2CARD of RIG-I is masked by the intramolecular interaction with the helicase domain, showing auto-repressed state [33], [34]. But upon viral RNA binding, 2CARD of RIG-I is exposed to interact with the CARD domain of MAVS (also known as Cardif, IPS-1 or VISA) on mitochon
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br Acknowledgements We thank Dr James Ritchie
2020-10-15

Acknowledgements We thank Dr. James Ritchie and his dedicated staff (Deptartment of Pathology, Emory University) for performing measures of serum VPA levels; Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals (Osaka, Japan) for the generous donation of DOPS, which is required for breeding Dbh −/− mice; Pfizer (Sandwich, K
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Tailoring pharmacological treatment to the
2020-10-15

Tailoring pharmacological treatment to the genetic background of a person can enhance therapeutic response (), increase compliance (), and decrease drug toxicity (, , ). Because cocaine addiction has a strong genetic basis, with the vulnerability to develop an addiction estimated to be as high as 72
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