• It has been recognized for decades that neurons

  2023-12-14

  

  It has been recognized for decades that neurons in the mammalian central nervous system may release both a fast-acting, typically amino acid derived neurotransmitter such as glutamate or GABA, and a second peptidergic neuromodulatory molecule such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, or cholecystokinin.

• As also found by Stolarski et al inclusion of N

  2023-12-14

  

  As also found by Stolarski et al. [14], inclusion of N2O in the model is successful in reducing the effect of dynamics [13] in the lower stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere (30–60°N in our case). The inclusion of N2O also decreased the error bars on the trend values, but the trend values still c

• Application of the broad acting HTR antagonist

  2023-12-14

  

  Application of the broad-acting 5-HTR antagonist methiothepin (Bard et al., 1996, Hoyer et al., 1994, Peroutka, 1990) converted the TBS-induced response of both thalamocortical and intracortical A1 synapses from LTP to LTD, an effect that was mimicked by the selective 5-HT2R antagonist ketanserin (L

• In the nineties we knew that baclofen was the stereo

  2023-12-13

  

  In the nineties we knew that (-)baclofen was the stereo-selective ligand for the GABAB receptor which had been recognised by Norman Bowery as a receptor for GABA, which was different from the GABAA receptor (Hill and Bowery, 1981). GABAB receptor antagonists were also synthesised and made available

• Furthermore low affinity sites that share no structural homo

  2023-12-13

  

  Furthermore, low-affinity sites that share no structural homology with the aforementioned sites have been described in the transmembrane domain. It has been discovered that, in α1βγ2 receptors, potentiation of GABA-activated currents by high concentrations of diazepam is biphasic, with a high- and a

• br Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity

  2023-12-13

  

  Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity and type 2 diabetes Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for several weeks become obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant. Acute apelin treatment by intravenous injection or by infusion during a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp in obese and i

• HMGN proteins are subject to extensive post translational mo

  2023-12-13

  

  HMGN proteins are subject to extensive post-translational modifications which influence both their mode of binding to Doripenem and their functional activity. Like the other HMG protein families, HMGNs are substrates for many of the same enzymes that modify histone proteins (review in [175]). The h

• The initial demonstration of the potential of

  2023-12-13

  

  The initial demonstration of the potential of MALDI-TOF MS for testing antifungal susceptibility of pathogenic fungi came from a proof-of-concept study by Marinach et al. [31] who monitored the changes of the proteome of C. albicans Oxonic acid potassium salt exposed to different concentrations of

• Dual acting RAAS blockade and neprilysin

  2023-12-13

  

  Dual-acting RAAS blockade and neprilysin inhibition has been evaluated in several clinical HF trials. In PARADIGM-HF [6,7], LCZ696 was superior to enalapril in reducing mortality and HF hospitalizations in symptomatic patients with HF with reduced EF. Augmented benefits on maladaptive cardiac remode

• Testosterone can be converted into estrogens by aromatase ac

  2023-12-13

  

  Testosterone can be converted into estrogens by aromatase action. Aromatase is encoded by CYP19, belongs to cytochrome P450 superfamily, and synthesizes estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) from testosterone and androstenedione respectively (Fig. 1). Aromatase is expressed in the ORS of anagen hair folli

• br Acknowledgements This work was

  2023-12-13

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by Programme Grants from the MRC and the Wellcome Trust (SGC-C and MF). CB was in receipt of a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship during part of this work. We thank past and present members of our group for numerous valuable discussions throughout these

• Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracel

  2023-12-13

  

  Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades including Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. The spatiotemporal abundance of this Ca2+/CaM complex determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, resulting in LTP (Malinow

• As regards feeding the ability to dissipate surplus

  2023-12-13

  

  As regards feeding, the ability to dissipate surplus energy in the form of heat is beneficial for animals if the protein concentration in the food is low, since it allows them then to meet the adequate protein intake requirement without getting fat. Some of the major dietary activators of the AHR ar

• Exposure to B a P is an epidemiologically proven

  2023-12-13

  

  Exposure to B[a]P is an epidemiologically proven cause of lung cancer (Hecht, 2003; Rojas et al., 2004; Alexandrov et al., 2010), and the formation of B[a]PDE-N2-dG adducts is considered to be the critical event in lung tumorigenesis by B[a]P. On the other hand, there is evidence suggesting that the

• In a recent series of studies

  2023-12-13

  

  In a recent series of studies from our laboratory, to characterize the contractile systems within the rat Mifepristone wall, three conditions were identified that led to detrusor activity: spontaneous micro-contractions, electrical field stimulated (EFS) contractions and muscarinic agonist induced c

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