• Apelin is involved in various physiological functions includ

  2025-01-26

  

  Apelin is involved in various physiological functions, including cisapride receptor contraction (Ashley et al., 2005), vasodilatation (Jia et al., 2007), feeding control (Valle et al., 2008), and metabolic homeostasis (Higuchi et al., 2007, Dray et al., 2008, Attane et al., 2010). Its plasma level

• br Introduction Sustained over activation of neurohormonal s

  2025-01-24

  

  Introduction Sustained over-activation of neurohormonal systems is a hallmark in the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin BTB06584 system (RAAS) constitute cornerstones of pharmacotherapy for HF wit

• While high fat diet models of insulin resistance are

  2025-01-24

  

  While high-fat diet models of insulin resistance are acceptable approaches for the study of pre-diabetes in humans, they are not suitable for modeling progression towards established type2 diabetes. The pattern of activation of the lipoxygenase pathway in pre-clinical models of type2 diabetes has no

• br Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer

  2025-01-24

  

  Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease is characterized by severe neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of cognitive abilities. The diagnostic criteria for dementia released by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association define dementia as the deve

• Liao and van Linden et al divided

  2025-01-24

  

  Liao [47] and van Linden et al. [48] divided the gap between the N-terminal and C-terminal lobes into a front cleft or pocket, a gate area, and a back cleft. The back pocket corresponds to the gate area and the back cleft. The front cleft includes the Gly-rich loop, the hinge, the linker connecting

• br Conflict of interest statement br Introduction Currently

  2025-01-24

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction Currently, adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer. Activating mutations and translocations with a potential for targeted therapy are reported predominantly in non-smokers. ALK rearrangement is found in less than 5% of u

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2025-01-24

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusions These studies provide important mechanistic insights to explain the long-established physiological observation that obese adipose tissue has higher rates of basal lipolysis. Increased lipolysis contributes to increased hepatic Defactin

• An alternative approach to the administration of ADO agonist

  2025-01-24

  

  An alternative approach to the administration of ADO agonists is to amplify the actions of endogenous ADO by inhibiting the ADO-metabolizing enzyme, ADO kinase (AK). Inhibition of AK has the net effect of potentiating the local concentration and the effects of ADO in the extracellular compartment. T

• Double-stranded DNA RNA synthesis Comparison of the GLUT pos

  2025-01-23

  

  Comparison of the GLUT1-positive plus ACLY negative group with the GLUT1-negative plus ACLY positive group indicated no significant difference with respect to disease-free survival and overall survival. However, some obvious differences in histological types were found in their formation. A previous

• ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator of

  2025-01-23

  

  ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator of the G1 c14ɑ demethylase checkpoint, whereas the induction of the intra-S-phase and G2/M checkpoints are usually primarily related to ATR function. However, several studies have demonstrated that, depending on the cellular context and type of

• A high throughput screening campaign led to the discovery of

  2025-01-23

  

  A high-throughput screening campaign led to the discovery of the first series of both potent and selective ATR kinase inhibitors by Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Charrier et al., 2011). One of these compounds, VE-821, was shown to be a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of ATR with minimal cross-reactivity

• Secondly leptin has been shown to

  2025-01-23

  

  Secondly, leptin has been shown to enhance aromatase mRNA expression, aromatase content and its enzymatic activity in epithelial breast cancer Acridine Orange Propidium Iodide staining by inducing promoters II and I.3 via an enhanced binding of transcription activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex to sp

• The current findings proved that

  2025-01-23

  

  The current findings proved that citral treatment induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cell death in both HCT116 and HT29 through the p53 and ROS. As such, citral promoted apoptosis as evident by the externalization of PS and dissipation of Δψm at 24h of treatment in HCT116 and HT29 cells. These

• Currently NSAIDs which achieve antineoplastic actions mainly

  2025-01-23

  

  Currently, NSAIDs which achieve antineoplastic actions mainly through apoptosis are emerging choice in chemotherapy. Their antineoplastic effects were demonstrated before in tumor-bearing models [5], [6], [7]. Through in vitro cell models, we identified an indomethacin-activation of ceramide/PP2A/Ak

• There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and

  2025-01-23

  

  There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and scavenging by the protective antioxidant defenses in the cell. Antioxidant systems present in the streptozocin include enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and peroxiredoxins (PRxs) (Fig. 3) [38]. S

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